Courts have repeatedly emphasized that lawyers should take actionable steps at the outset of litigation to safeguard the preservation of relevant ESI. One of those steps typically includes investigating and understanding client information systems that contain relevant information. This is particularly the case with social media and messaging apps whose content is dynamic and—barring swift action—can easily be modified and destroyed. The recent Doe v. Purdue University case—in which the court sanctioned plaintiff for failing to preserve relevant images and videos from his Snapchat application—underscores this point.